In the context of the electoral process, what does 'single transferable vote' refer to?

The term 'single transferable vote' describes a voting system that enables voters to rank candidates according to their preferences. This system is designed to ensure that votes contribute to the election in a more proportionate and fair manner, particularly in multi-member districts. By allowing voters to indicate their preferred candidates in order, the single transferable vote system minimizes the likelihood of wasted votes. In situations where a voter's first choice does not need their vote—perhaps because that candidate has enough votes to win or has been eliminated—those votes can be transferred to the next preferred candidate as indicated by the voter. This process continues until all positions are filled, ensuring that the elected representatives more accurately reflect the preferences of the electorate.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the principles of the single transferable vote. A method that allows for multiple selections without preference fails to capture the core idea of ranking. A system designated exclusively for single-member districts does not align with the multi-member allocation characteristic of the single transferable vote. Lastly, the notion of a direct voting method solely for party lists does not incorporate the ranked preference aspect that defines the system in question.